reasons have also accounted for. It is called: "Formation: The Making of Nigeria From Jihad to Amalgamation", written by Fola Fagbule and Feyi Fawehinmi and was published by Cassava Republic in 2021. International Political Economy of Nigerian Amalgamation ... Lord Lugard Constitution 1914 In Nigeria — StudyHQ.net ... Nigeria: Religious Persecution Amongst Others, Reasons for ... SHOLA ADEBOWALE.com: THE AMALGAMATION OF NIGERIA WAS A FRAUD' PDF History of Amalgamation of Nigeria in 1914 By Lord Lugard The Historical Challenges of Nigeria'S Amalgamation ... Amalgamation is a way to acquire cash resources, eliminate competition, save on taxes, or influence the economies of large-scale operations. The British, Nigeria and the 'Mistake of 1914', By Eric ... I was the Federal Minister of Education in that cabinet. (DOC) Amalgamation and the Challenges of National Unity ... the causes of the biafran/nigeria civil war stem from the 1 january 1914 forced british amalgamation of 250 diverse and distant ethic groups and two separate provinces into the single nation of. called Nigeria. Often asked: Northern And Southern Protectorates Of ... This was a result of his successful military campaign in the north, which was on the 1st of January, 1900. Updated: 5 Reasons Why Nigeria Should Not Sign African ... The Amalgamation of Nigeria was a Fraud. 4. amalgamation was just an extension of a fortified existing disastrous foundation. Richard Akinjide, QC, SAN. . After . - It was also done to ensure a smooth colonial administration of the area. What are the reasons for amalgamation? To be sincere, unification or amalgamation is always bound to bring harm or good to both side that are concerned, and . Explanation - The amalgamation of 1914 was done to harmonize the economy of the two protectorates. THE HISTORICAL CHALLENGES OF NIGERIA'S AMALGAMATION/RELIGION AND THE WAY TO PEACE (PART 2) We always condemn colonization,but what we condemn mostly is the colonization of Africa by whites,but that is wrong in my opinion because there was colonization of Africa by Africans long before the white colonization. The latest book titled "What Britain did to Nigeria" written by Mr siollun, caught my attention in one of the articles which states 'The mistake of 1914'. I was in the first cabinet that was overthrown by the military in this country. The Northern protectorate predominantly Muslim and animist and the Southern protectorate largely Christians were aggressively "westernizing". A supposed 'Treaty of Amalgamation 1914' was in focus. Colonial Nigeria was ruled by the United Kingdom from the mid-nineteenth century until 1960 when Nigeria achieved independence. The 1914 amalgamation and the fault lines between the north and south remain among the most contentious issues in modern Nigeria. THE HISTORICAL CHALLENGES OF NIGERIA'S AMALGAMATION/RELIGION AND THE WAY TO PEACE (PART 2) We always condemn colonization,but what we condemn mostly is the colonization of Africa by whites,but that is wrong in my opinion because there was colonization of Africa by Africans long before the white colonization. - It was geared towards harnessing the natural resources in the hinterland. So, the saying that "Northerners wants to always rule Nigeria" did not just start. The reasons for the amalgamation have been discussed at length on this blog (Click Here To Read), but suffice it to say that the principal reason for the amalgamation was the need to protect and advance the economic and commercial interest of the British. Reasons for the Adoption of Indirect Rule in Nigeria There are a number of reasons why indirect rule was used in Nigeria. And I remained in parliament until January 15, 1966 when the government was overthrown. In the first place, the name Nigeria; with which a people forcefully brought together were saddled with, was not given by any of the indigenous components. British influence in the region began with the prohibition of slave trade to British subjects in 1807. Amalgamation and the Challenges of National Unity and Integration in Nigeria: The Present against the Past Introduction One fundamental challenge that most post-colonial African states have to grapple with is how to contain the problems of ethno-cultural diversity that characterized these states and how to evolve a state-wide national identity from the challenges of the arbitrary creation of . Amalgamation is a way to acquire cash resources, eliminate competition, save on taxes, or influence the economies of large-scale operations. T. political development of the country. Fairness. Nigeria: Religious Persecution Amongst Others, Reasons for Heightened Freedom Demand. The first exercise began on 1st January 1900 with the unification of three autochthonous entities into the Protectorate of Northern Nigeria; (i) Borno Kingdom (ii) Sokoto Kingdom (iii . The amalgamation led to the development of independence which was later granted in 1960. The amalgamation of Nigeria also made it possible for everyone across the country to enjoy benefits across territories. He said the North and the South should be amalgamated. According to the proponents, the 1914 amalgamation of Nigeria would . * Updated: 5 Reasons Why Nigeria Should Not Sign African Free Trade Zone! Amalgamation of the South (not of the people) became of crucial importance to British business interest. They discovered a magical formula, that the writing of history is too serious an agenda to leave in the hands of historians. July 9, 2000. Britain hoped the amalgamation will relieve them of this financial burden since the south was richer. A merger, consolidation or amalgamation , in a political. By Obi Chidiebere Emmanuel The mission and mandate to unite the two colonies being the Southern and Northern Nigeria by frederick Lugard, on appointment as Governor-General was quite controversial … reasons have also accounted for. It express vividly, factual knowledge of the 1914 amalgamation. From the beginning, amalgamation, as a coded word bore all the hallmarks of hostility, occupation, colonization and exploitation among many other inhumane reasons. for the stated reason of enforcing the abolition of Slavery. political development of the country. They knew that Nigerians are different people, and that as soon as they packed their bags and returned to Europe the country would descend into chaos, but they joined the two protectorates together none- the- less. The amalgamation of the Lagos colony with the Southern Nigeria protectorate in 1906, resulted in a wider coverage of the census exercise of 1911, but this census was an estimated census, as the main person enumeration only took place in 11 ports spread across the Southern protectorate while in the rest of the protectorate census was by sampling. Amalgamation of Nigeria Between 1900 -12 it was the one in which the two halves of the protectorate, inheriting a fundamentally different form of government and the major political and social structures that differed radically in the administrative and political styles. The reason there were more fulani/northerners during the amalgamation. The ill-conceived resolution that brought about the amalgamation of the southern Nigeria and the northern Nigeria together in1914 lord Fredrick Lugard is up till today debated as a blessing or a curse to Nigeria's economy. Nigeria to the forced amalgamation of the southern and. Between 1898 and 1914, he sent a number of dispatches to London which led to the Amalgamation of 1914. Over the years, several scholars and statesmen have expressed serious misgivings about the amalgamation, describing it as a "mistake.". The Northern protectorate predominantly Muslim and animist and. Nigeria's security apparatus seemed determined to turn Nigeria from a Democracy to . The location of the amalgamation was in Zungeru, Niger State, which was the Capital of the British Protectorate of Northern Nigeria from 1902 to 1916. * *Nigeria was not formed by consensus but by Force. Ultimately, it was the protest by the Lagos elite which delayed the amalgamation move. Even the location of the AMALGAMATION was also located in the North. Changes Amalgamation Brought Amalgamation of Nigeria in 1914 brought a lot of changes to both the British administration in Nigeria and to the Nigerian citizens. Britain annexed Lagos in 1861 and established the Oil River Protectorate in 1884. "I was in the first cabinet that was overthrown by the military in this country. When Lugard returned to Nigeria as Governor General in 1912 and introduced the amalgamation in 1914, largely for financial reasons, the content of the amalgamation was profoundly influenced by . And I remained in parliament until January 15, 1966 when the government was overthrown. These are the Nigerians present at the amalgamation. AT 1:55 PM. The British created Nigeria as an omnibus state to frustrate Igbo advancement in world affairs. In 1861, after a treaty of cession was signed by Oba Dosunmu, Lagos became the first Colony in the territory that became Nigeria, effectively a possession of the Crown. The amalgamation of Northern and Southern Nigeria in… The northern and southern limits of the apparent… The head of the administration of the Protectorate… Ocean currents flow in a clockwise direction in the… Which of the following does not belong to the… It was then renamed the Federal Republic of Nigeria when the country fully attained republic status in 1963. "Even the Amalgamation of 1914 was a fraud and was not meant to usher in genuine development and Renaissance for the Nigerian peoples. Then in 1914 for financial reasons the British amalgamated the Northern Nigeria Protectorate with the Southern Protectorates, now these were entirely two very different regions, as the southern protectorate wasn't a conquered region it was a democratic ar ea of many nations that had been developed over thousands of years of trading with foreign lands (the southern protectorate agreed upon to . Oneness. The British came and governed by using provinces, divisions and districts until the amalgamation of Nigeria in 1914 due to economic reasons. I was the Federal Minister of Education . The British amalgamated Nigeria basically due to economic reasons. called Nigeria. The amalgamation was done also to have a one political head, it was like a merger existed. by. uncountable disquisitions on the. Like many sub-Saharan African states, Nigeria is an artificial creation, rather than an organically developed state. Nigeria was amalgamated in 1914 without the consent of the people and that is the reason the country is having internal problems because the people were ethnically autonomous prior the Europeans coming, but the Europeans did that in their economic interest. IN HISTORY (Being excerpts from the speech of Chief Richard Akinjide (SAN), first and second Republic Minister, at the public presentation of the book "Fellow Country Men- the story of Coup D'etats in Nigeria by Richard Akinnola, June 2000) THROWBACK THURSDAY - AMALGAMATION OF NIGERIA. by IJOSWIL 21-Sep-2017. The Amalgamation Of Nigeria Was A Fraud. Nigeria to the forced amalgamation of the southern and. Answer (1 of 2): The amalgamation was an administrative fiat of Nigeria by the British colonialist overlord for economic and administrative convenience. To be sincere, unification or amalgamation is always bound to bring harm or good to both side that are concerned, and . I entered parliament in December 12, 1959. History of Amalgamation of Nigeria in 1914 By Lord Lugard As at 1861, Lagos was already an area that was controlled by the colonial masters and it was known as the Lagos colony. While some have . budget surpluses in Southern Nigeria to offset this deficit. The height of ethnic cleansing lasted decades against the indigenous Biafrans in Nigeria, and that is why agitation for freedom has continued to be at the front burner. I entered parliament on December 12, 1959. No, that cannot be, as 1914; with its watershed of amalgamation, remains part of the exodus story of a nation without defined place of The amalgamation of the three areas that existed separately between 1861 and 1913 to form Nigeria was due to some reasons. The amalgamation was an administrative fiat of Nigeria by the British colonialist overlord for economic and administrative convenience. amalgamation in 1914, reasons for amalgamation of Nigeria in 1914 by Lord Lugard, and the effects. This presentation begins with the various reasons why Amalgamation took place in January 1, 1914 and since then 104 after, Nigeria has "under-re-sourced, sapped by corruption and distrusted by the population" kleptocracy and government dishonesty have corrosive effect on popular confidence in government. The amalgamation of Nigeria was a fraud — Chief Akinjide, SAN. INCREASED REVENUE IN THE SOUTH Between 1900 and 1913, there was a steady increase in the revenue of the southern protectorate while British treasury continued to give subsidy to the northern protectorate. While some have . nly 6 Nigerians Signed The Amalgamation Document. There has been relentless provocation through series of genocides on the indigenous people . In terms of economic and national development, agriculture accounted for more than 50% of the country's gross domestic product GDP before independence. The Northern protectorate predominantly Muslim and animist and the Southern protectorate largely Christians were aggressively "westernizing". The ill-conceived connubial resolution that brought Southern Nigeria and Northern Nigeria together in 1914 is up till today being debated to be the basis of the problems we . Here lies the basic reason why policies borrowed from other countries, especially the "western . The amalgamation hence, was purely for administrative convenience and economic exploitation and as Chinweizu (1978) stated, British profit was too important to be allowed to suffer. The Lagos colony was later added in 1906, and the territory was officially renamed the Colony and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria. AS the year 2013 wound up, an argument gained considerable grounds. It was positioned so by the British. 5. The northern protectorate was so poor and had to be on subsidy from Britain. In the chronicles of Nigeria's history; one chapter that has remained till today (date) controversial and very elusive to candid clarification is the amalgamation of 1914. Read also Insurgency: Northeast group reacts to attack on Gov Zulum's convoy counties, districts, etc., into a single entity. It was positioned so by the British. these reasons, the committee recommended that, for the time being the territory be split into two: a northern province (later northern Nigeria) and a maritime province (later southern Nigeria), each to be run as a separate administration, until condition would justify their amalgamation. State any five reasons for the Amalgamation of Nigeria in 1914. ON JULY 31, 2019. Modern Nigeria came into existence on January 1, 1914, when the British imperialist, Lord Lugard effected the union of both the Northern and the Southern parts of country under the name, 'Nigeria.'. This is the origin of autocratic government in Nigeria where leaders including Emirs and Obas have so much immunity and can do as they so desire without any check. Southern Nigeria was a British protectorate in the coastal areas of modern-day Nigeria formed in 1900 from the union of the Niger Coast Protectorate with territories chartered by the Royal Niger Company below Lokoja on the Niger River.. The ill-conceived resolution that brought about the amalgamation of the southern Nigeria and the northern Nigeria together in1914 lord Fredrick Lugard is up till today debated as a blessing or a curse to Nigeria's economy. January 1, 1914, marked the formal beginning of what would become the largest black nation on planet earth; it was the day the amalgamation of Nigeria took place. I entered parliament in December 12, 1959. There are other political systems the country could have adopted but because of some reasons which I am going to share with you today, federalism seemed to be the best idea. From the names above, you would notice that no Igbo man was present in the amalgamation of Nigeria despite the Igbos having powerful Kings like the Obi Okosi of Onitsha, Eze Nri òbalíke etc The reason is not far-fetched. On one hand a said ex-President, of the jurisdiction created based a 1914 amalgamation of three regions based on the natural geographic and climatic boundaries set by the y-shaped rivers, has disproportionately failed to be consistent in proffering an . In fact, the word "amalgamation" was used by British colonialists only in the case of Nigeria. In those dispatches, Lugard said a number of things, which are at the root causes of yesterday and today's problems. There was no Nigeria until 1914, because it was in 1914, that Sir Frederick Lugard (Governor-General of Nigeria 1914 - 1919) amalgamated the Northern protectorate, Southern protectorate and the Lagos Colony, to make up our present day Nigeria. (ACFTA) Posted by: . Features of Lord Lugard Constitution In Nigeria British influence in the Niger area increased gradually over the 19th century, but . THE AMALGAMATION OF NIGERIA WAS A FRAUD'. The 1914 amalgamation of Nigeria was the third in a three-pronged exercise by Lugard to unify the five territorial entities into a single country called Nigeria. uncountable disquisitions on the. The Northern protectorate predominantly Muslim and animist and the Southern protectorate largely Christians were aggressively "westernizing". However, after the amalgamation of 1914, Lugard who was the Governor-General of Nigeria extended his system of indirect rule to the southern region. However, note that amalgamation of Nigeria made it possible for everyone across the country to enjoy cheap livestock and other agricultural produce from the North. The proponents of Nigeria's break up hinge their reasons on three main pegs; the 1914 amalgamation of the northern and southern protectorates which gave birth to Nigeria, the United Nation's charter on self-determination and allegations of lack of representation and marginalisation in the affairs of the country. They were there ceremoniously. Some of the key changes were The Colony and the Protectorates fell under one government. . (Uzoigwe, G.N. Related posts The amalgamation established modern Nigeria, it was a reason for many ethnic groups and tribes to unite in a single political entity. The utmost reasons for this amalgamation are not far-fetched; it was mainly for easy administration . Then in 1914 for financial reasons the British amalgamated the Northern Nigeria Protectorate with the Southern Protectorates, now these were entirely two very different regions, as the southern protectorate wasn't a conquered region it was a democratic area of many nations that had been developed over thousands of years of trading with . 1968). Nigeria did not choose federal system of government because it is the best or most practiced system of government in the world. That, the slave trade remains an. BY IFEOMA OKEREKE. The reason there were more Fulani/Northerners during the amalgamation. And I remained in Parliament until January 15, 1966 when the Government was overthrown. Sometimes companies opt for amalgamation when they want to enter a new market and want to create a new product.The following are the reasons for which companies choose for amalgamation. Amalgamation takes place when two or more companies with similar types of business combine their business operations to cut costs or to achieve synergy. A succession of treaties was to follow with indigenous communities, with the British Crown, which Lagos colony was also against the amalgamation as at then. The two protectorates were culturally apart, yet in 1914, Lord . The reason for the amalgamation of Nigeria was to serve the interest of the imperial government especially in the areas of raw materials and market for their manufactured goods. There are other political systems the country could have adopted but because of some reasons which I am going to share with you today, federalism seemed to be the best idea. Lagos - I Was in the first cabinet that was overthrown by the military in this country. The military campaign of Lord Lugard in the north of Nigeria included his famous march to Borgu and race on Nikki, who formed the basis of Britain's claim to Northern Nigeria. More than 106 years after amalgamation, the wisdom of this step is . Of course, the amalgamation is a huge historic event, highly important for the country. British influence in the Niger area increased gradually over the 19th century, but . Nigeria did not choose federal system of government because it is the best or most practiced system of government in the world. Justice. amalgamation was an administrative fiat of Nigeria by the British colonialist overlord for economic and administrative convenience. British influence in the region began with the prohibition of slave trade to British subjects in 1807. The Order - in - Council was drawn up in November 1913 signed and came into force in January 1914. On January 1, 1914, northern and southern Nigeria were amalgamated into one country and named the colony and protectorate of Nigeria. 21-Feb-2020. Nigeria is a federation of divided people. 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